Do you know that blood is about 8% of a person's total body

Age also one of aspect the amount of blood in human body

  • Newborn baby : A full-term baby has about 75 milliliters (mL) of blood per kilogram of body weight
  • Children : A child weighing 36 kg has about 2,650 mL of blood
  • Adult : An average adult weighing between 65 and 80 kg has about 4.5 to 5.7 liters of blood.
  • Pregnant woman : Pregnant women typically have 30 to 50% more blood volume than non-pregnant women.

Plasma in blood components

Plasma, the liquid part of blood, is a complicated solution made up of more than 90% water. Plasma water can freely exchange with body cells and other extracellular fluids, and it is accessible to keep all tissues hydrated. Water, the body's single biggest ingredient, is necessary for the survival of all living cells.

Plasma : 55%

White Blood Cell : <1%

Red Blood Cell : 45%

Plasma

Water, Salts, Proteins, etc.

White Blood Cell

Leukocytes; Platelets

Red Blood Cell

Erythrocytes

Blood cells

Blood cells are classified into four types: erythrocytes, platelets (thrombocytes), lymphocytes, and phagocytic cells. The lymphocytes and phagocytic cells form the white blood cells (leukocytes). Therefore, the common blood cells we know is three which is red blood cells, white cells and platelets.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Red blood cells are highly specialized and well suited to their principal role of delivering oxygen from the lungs to all bodily tissues. Red cells are biconcave disks with a diameter of 7.8 μm (1 μm = 0.000039 inch), providing a high surface-to-volume ratio.

Hemoglobin, the component required for oxygen delivery, accounts for approximately 95 percent of the dry weight of red blood cells.

White blood cells (leukocytes)

Unlike red cells, white blood cells (leukocytes) have a nucleus and can move autonomously. They are highly differentiated for their particular tasks and do not divide (mitosis) in the bloodstream, albeit some do.

White cells with a nucleus and the ability to create ribonucleic acid (RNA) can synthesis proteins. Granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes are three distinct cell types, each with its own shape and function.

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Blood platelets are the smallest cells in the blood, measuring from 2 to 4 μm in diameter. Despite being far more abundant (150,000 to 400,000 per cubic millimetre) than white cells, they take up a much lower fraction of the volume of the blood due to their small size.

Platelets’ function is related to hemostasis, which is the prevention and control of bleeding. When a blood vessel’s endothelial surface (lining) is injured, a high number of platelets stick to the injured surface and to one another, generating a tenaciously adherent mass of platelets.

Function of blood

Broadly speaking, the blood’s role is to keep the inside environment stable. The circulating blood allows for adaptability to changing life conditions—the ability to withstand wide variations in climate and atmospheric pressure; the ability to adjust the amount of physical activity; the tolerance of changing diet and fluid intake; and the resistance to physical injury, chemical poisons, and infectious agents.

Respiration

In terms of immediate urgency, the respiratory function of the blood is critical. Living cells, particularly those in the brain, require a constant flow of oxygen, as lack causes unconsciousness and death within minutes. The blood transports all of this oxygen, the majority of which is coupled to the hemoglobin found in red cells. The lungs’ small blood arteries bring blood into close contact with the pulmonary air gaps (alveoli), where oxygen pressure is quite high. Oxygen diffuses through the plasma and into the red cell, where it combines with hemoglobin, which is around 95% oxygen-saturated upon exiting the lungs.

Nutrition

The blood transports all of the substances required for the sustenance of every cell in the body, including the precursors of carbs, proteins, and lipids; minerals and salts; vitamins, and other dietary elements. All of these compounds must pass through plasma before reaching the tissues where they will be employed.

The elements may enter the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal system, be released from internal reserves, or become available as a result of tissue disintegration.

 

Excretion

The blood transports waste products from cellular metabolism to the excretory organs. Carbon dioxide is removed through the lungs, as previously mentioned. The kidneys expel surplus water created by food oxidation or available from other sources as the urine’s solvent. Water obtained from blood is also lost from the body by evaporation from the skin and lungs, as well as in minor amounts from the gastrointestinal tract.

The water content of the blood and the body as a whole remains within a tight range due to effective regulation mechanisms, hormonal and otherwise, that control urine volume. The concentrations of physiologically essential ions in plasma, particularly sodium, potassium, and chloride, are precisely controlled by their retention or selective elimination when blood passes through the kidneys.

Immunity

Blood cells and plasma contents interact in complicated ways to provide immunity to infectious agents, fight or eliminate invading organisms, activate the inflammatory response, and destroy and remove foreign materials and dead cells. White blood cells (leukocytes) play a significant part in these processes.

Granulocytes and monocytes phagocytize (ingest) bacteria and other organisms, migrate to infection or inflammation sites, as well as places with dead tissue, and help to break down and remove cellular debris through enzymatic processes.

Temperature Regulation

Heat is generated in huge quantities by physiological oxidative reactions, and the blood is responsible for transferring and disposing of this heat. The circulation ensures temperature homogeneity throughout the body and transports warm blood to the surface, where heat is lost to the environment.

heat-regulating centre in the hypothalamus of the brain functions much like a thermostat. It is sensitive to changes in temperature of the blood flowing through it and, in response to the changes, gives off nerve impulses that control the diameter of the blood vessels in the skin and thus determine blood flow and skin temperature.

Hemostasis

The blood is held under pressure in a vascular system made up of several thin and delicate capillary membranes. Even minor bumps and knocks in normal life might disturb some of these delicate arteries, and significant injury can be far more destructive. Without protective mechanisms to prevent and control bleeding, blood loss would pose a constant threat to survival.

Platelets contribute to capillary resistance, possibly by filling chinks in vessel walls. In the lack of platelets, capillaries become more weak, allowing for spontaneous blood loss and increasing the likelihood of bruising following minor damage.

Conditions and Disorders

What common conditions and disorders affect blood?

Anemias

Anemia is the most common type of noncancerous blood disorder. It happens when you don’t have enough healthy red blood cells. Sometimes people inherit anemia, but they may also acquire or develop it. There are many types of anemia. Some common anemias include:

Blood cancers

Blood cancer happens when something disrupts how your body makes blood cells. If you have blood cancer, abnormal blood cells overwhelm normal blood cells. There are three blood cancer types:

  • Leukemia, the most common blood cancer.
  • Lymphoma, which is cancer of your lymphatic system. Your bone marrow, which produces blood cells, is part of your lymphatic system.
  • Myeloma, which starts in your bone marrow and affects your plasma cells.

Blood disorders

Blood disorders are noncancerous conditions that keep parts of your blood from doing their jobs. Blood disorders include anemias, blood clotting disorders and bleeding disorders.

Some blood disorders may not cause symptoms or require treatment. Others are chronic (lifelong) illnesses that require treatment but typically won’t affect how long you’ll live. There are also blood disorders that are serious illnesses and can be life-threatening.

Bleeding disorders

Bleeding disorders happen when your blood doesn’t clot normally, causing you to bleed more than usual. Von Willebrand disease is the most common bleeding disorder in the U.S. Hemophilia, a rare inherited condition, is another example of a bleeding disorder.

Blood clotting disorders

blood clotting disorder affects your platelets or your clotting factors (coagulation factors). Clotting factors are proteins in your blood that help your platelets manage bleeding. You may develop a blood clotting disorder (acquired blood clotting disorder) or inherit a genetic mutation that causes abnormal blood clotting.

Healthy foods that can increase blood in body

Leafy green vegetables, such as spinach, kale, and Swiss chard, are high in iron, a necessary component for hemoglobin formation.

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to various tissues throughout the body.

Consuming iron-rich greens can considerably boost blood hemoglobin levels and help prevent anemia.

These vegetables are also high in vitamin C, which promotes iron absorption.

Examples

Red meat, such as beef and lamb, is a rich source of heme iron, which is highly bioavailable and quickly absorbed by the body.

This form of iron is especially good for people who have iron deficient anemia.

Furthermore, red meat contains a high concentration of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell synthesis.

However, red meat should be consumed in moderation and in balance with other protein sources.

Examples

Beans and legumes, such as lentils, chickpeas, and black beans, are iron-rich plant foods that are suitable for vegetarians and vegans alike.

Although iron from plant-based sources is not as easily absorbed as heme iron, combining these foods with vitamin C-rich foods such as tomatoes or bell peppers can improve iron absorption.

Furthermore, beans and legumes are high in folate and vitamin B6, which aid in red blood cell development.

Examples

Fortified cereals are a quick and easy approach to boost iron consumption.

Many breakfast cereals contain iron and other critical vitamins and minerals.

For a healthier option, choose fortified cereals made from whole grains and low in sugar.

Examples

Chicken and turkey are rich in lean protein, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, all of which are essential for blood synthesis.

Vitamin B6 is required for hemoglobin synthesis, but vitamin B12 is needed for red blood cell formation.

Consuming poultry in moderation can improve general blood health.

Examples

Seafood, including salmon, tuna, and oysters, contains not just heme iron but also omega-3 fatty acids.

Omega-3s enhance healthy blood circulation and may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Oysters, in particular, are high in zinc, which helps in the formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

Examples

Nuts and seeds, including almonds, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds, are packed with nutrients such as iron, folate, and vitamin E.

Vitamin E helps protect red blood cells from damage, and folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis during red blood cell production.

Examples

Beetroots are high in iron, vitamin C, and folic acid, making them an effective diet for increasing blood levels.

Furthermore, beetroots contain nitrates, which increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to cells.

Beetroots can be enjoyed in salads, juices, or roasted as a side dish.

Examples

Citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits contain high levels of vitamin C, which aids iron absorption.

Citrus fruits can boost the efficiency of iron intake from plant-based sources and promote red blood cell production.

Examples